Рычажный карабин marlin 1895 калибра .45-70 в современном тюнинге

The Winchester Model 1873

A fine antique Model 73 (circa 1888) with 24-inch octagon barrel and Lyman tang sight. Turnbull Restoration

Winchester Repeating Arms has long billed the Model 1873 as “the gun that won the West,” and in this case, they may just be right. When the West really was wild, the Model 73 lever gun was the go-to rifle.

It was the direct offspring of the Yellow Boy, but the brass frame was replaced by a much stronger iron one, and the anemic .44 rimfire cartridge was succeeded by the more powerful centerfire .44/40. The .44/40 was a pistol cartridge, but that meant that you could carry both a Model 1873 and a revolver in that caliber and swap ammo without a care in the world.

In 1875, Winchester began the practice of selecting its most accurate Model 73 barrels and building guns around them with set triggers, extra-nice finish, and the engraved legend, “One of One Thousand.” These special-edition lever action rifles sold for $100, which is the equivalent of $2,300 today. In 1950, an A-list Hollywood western starring Jimmy Stewart was made entitled “Winchester 73.”

Over 720,000 Model 73s were made between its introduction and 1923, when it was finally discontinued.

(In 2013, Winchester reintroduced the Model 1873 lever gun to much fanfare and still offers new 1873s in a host of configurations.)

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История

Карабин Спенсера M1865, 0,50 дюйма

В 1826 году в Италии Сезаром Росальо был произведен револьвер с рычажным механизмом, способный сделать шесть выстрелов менее чем за шесть секунд, и в 1829 году он был запатентован.

Винтовка Кольта-Берджесса

Первыми винтовками с рычажным механизмом на рынке, вероятно, были винтовки Colt 1-й и 2-й модели с кольцевым рычагом , как с крышкой, так и с шаровой головкой , произведенные Patent Arms Mfg. Co. Paterson, патент NJ-Colt в период с 1837 по 1841 год. располагался перед спусковым крючком. Этот рычаг заряжания при нажатии переводит цилиндр в следующее положение и взводит внутренний скрытый молоток.

Винтовка Colt Paterson Ring Lever

Множественные конструкции рычажного действия, в том числе пистолет Volcanic, были разработаны до Гражданской войны в США, но первыми значительными проектами были многозарядная винтовка Спенсера и винтовка Генри, созданные в 1860 году. журнал разработан Кристофером Спенсером . Было произведено более 20 000 винтовок, и она была принята на вооружение США и использовалась во время Гражданской войны в США, которая ознаменовала собой первое применение пехотной и кавалерийской винтовки со съемным магазином в любой стране. Рычаг раннего Спенсера служил только для того, чтобы разблокировать действие и выстрелить в новый патрон; После дозаправки курок должен был быть взведен отдельно.

Генри винтовка , изобретен Бенджамин Тайлер Генри , оружейник , используемой Oliver Winchester , был расположенный в центре молотка , который был взведенном в движении назад болт , а не смещение молотка типичной морды-погрузочные винтовок. Генри также помещал магазин под ствол, а не в приклад, и с тех пор эта тенденция сохраняется в большинстве магазинных магазинов.

Внутри ресивера Marlin 39A

Джон Марлин, основатель компании Marlin Firearms Company, Нью-Хейвен, Коннектикут, представил первую магазинную винтовку Marlin с рычажным механизмом под названием Model 1881. Она была рассчитана на патроны, такие как 45/70 и 38/55. Его преемником был дизайн с твердым верхом 1895 года, который сегодня известен как Marlin 336 . Это также привело к созданию Marlin Model 1894 , производство которой продолжается и по сей день.

К 1890-м годам рычажные действия превратились в форму, которая просуществовала более века. И Marlin, и Winchester выпустили новую модель винтовки с рычажным механизмом в 1894 году. Винтовка Marlin все еще находится в производстве, тогда как производство Winchester 94 прекратилось в 2006 году. Несмотря на внешнее сходство, винтовки Marlin и Winchester сильно отличаются внутри. Marlin имеет одноступенчатый рычаг, а Winchester — двухступенчатый. Двухступенчатое действие легко увидеть, когда задействован рычаг Винчестера, когда вся группа спусковых крючков опускается, чтобы разблокировать затвор, который затем перемещается назад, чтобы выбросить использованный патрон.

Винтовка Savage Model 99

Молодая компания Savage Arms Company стала широко известна после разработки популярных безударных спортивных винтовок Models 1895 и 1899 (которые стали называть Model 99) рычажными спортивными винтовками. Модели 1899/99 производились с момента появления в 1899 году до затрат на производство винтовки, а снижение интереса к винтовкам с рычажным механизмом с 1950-х годов привело к прекращению производства модели 99 в 2000 году. В отличие от большинства винчестеров и рычагов Marlin Для винтовок, в которых использовался трубчатый магазин, требующий пули с круглым или плоским носом, Артур Сэвидж разработал свою винтовку с поворотным магазином. Это позволило 99 использовать патроны с заостренными пулями для повышения баллистических характеристик. 99 выпускался с множеством различных патронов и нескольких различных модификаций. В последних моделях было исключено очень дорогое производство поворотного магазина, вместо этого использовался съемный коробчатый магазин. Но 99 по-прежнему было очень дорого в производстве по сравнению с другими винтовками с рычажным механизмом, а винтовки Savage с продольно-скользящим затвором и экономичность определили судьбу винтовки.

Совсем недавно Sturm Ruger and Company представили ряд новых конструкций с рычажным механизмом в 1990-х годах, что необычно, поскольку большинство конструкций с рычажным механизмом возникло еще до Второй мировой войны , в период до того, как надежные полуавтоматические винтовки стали широко доступны.

The Marlin Model 39A

Marlin’s custom-shop Model 39A Fancy. Marlin Firearms

This paragon among .22 rimfires has one hell of a credential: It’s the oldest and longest continuously produced shoulder firearm in the world. This lever gun began as the Model 1891, which was used by Annie Oakley, and thereby got a compelling endorsement. It then morphed into the Model 1892, and then to the Model 1897, and then to the Model 39A, and finally to the Model 39A Golden, which is a Marlin Custom Shop proposition.

There are 2.2 million of them out there, and they’re essentially the same gun: a lever action rifle of lovely balance, handsome lines, infallible performance, excellent accuracy, and the ability to use Short, Long, or Long Rifle ammo interchangeably.

Good 39As do not come cheap, and the really nice, or rare, ones cost serious money. Is there such a thing as a perfect firearm? No, but this lever gun comes pretty close.

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Characteristics of Our Favorite Models

All the lever-action rifles reviewed here feature certain characteristics, which make them stand out. Eventually, these are also the qualities which should be prominently possessed by a good lever-action rifle.

Accuracy

The primary and most important feature of any rifle is its accuracy. Lever-action rifles are widely used for sporting and hunting, which inevitably requires them to be accurate for making a humane kill. 

Easy to Clean and Maintain

A good lever-action rifle must be easy to field strip and clean. It should have a design that allows you to disassemble the rifle quickly, meanwhile being easy to clean every nook and cranny without much effort. 

Aesthetics

Lever-actions are among the most classy, admirable, and collectible rifles. Having good aesthetics makes both the shooter and the beholder feel good about the rifle. Most of these rifles have an American Walnut stock, embellished with carvings and other decorations.

Savage Model 99

Arthur William Savage was an interesting guy. He was an adventurer and a world traveler. He was educated in England and the U.S. and at one time he owned and operated the largest cattle ranch in Australia. He invented radial tires and the detachable box magazine for rifles. He built race cars and invented a torpedo. He started Savage Arms, which at one time was the largest gun maker in the country. He is best known for the Savage Model 99 lever action, a true game-changing rifle.

The 99 had an internal hammer for faster lock time and a rotary box magazine. That meant the rifle could use pointed bullets. It was also strong enough to handle modern high pressure cartridges. While the Winchester 94 in .30-30 was the gun for the masses, the thinking man used a Savage 99, usually in .300 Savage or .250 Savage.

The Savage 99. Bryce M. Towsley

A little-known fact is that Savage did much of the development work using the machinery at the Remington factory. Remington and Winchester were owned by the same company at the time, and it’s thought that Remington was being locked out of the lever action market by upper management. Perhaps if they had a little more foresight and had allowed them to dip a toe into the market the Model 99 would have had the Remington name on it and Savage Arms might never have existed.

The Savage Model 99

The Savage Model 99. Savage Arms

Not only was this brilliant design a century ahead of its time, but it was around for a century—1899 to 1999—and was made in a profusion of models. The older, more desirable 99s have rotary magazines; newer, less sought-after versions have detachable-box magazines. Prices for used 99s are going up very sharply, and there is a lot of shuck, jive, and fraud out there, with people paying fancy prices for 99s that aren’t worth it.

Look for a rotary-magazine model in .308 or .300 Savage, or—if you’re willing to pay—hold out for a 99 in .250/3000 Savage. This wonderful little round drops deer with almost no recoil. Do not hesitate to take your 99 in for a trigger job. It’s one of the few lever guns that can be given a decent pull. But some 99s are very accurate while others aren’t, and never will be. Shoot the gun before you pay for it.

Marlin Model 336 Dark Series

While we are on the subject of the Marlin 336, the model’s Dark Series deserves a mention. Although this .30-30 rifle features all the classic function of the traditional lever action rifle, this weapon is anything but traditional. 

With a stealthy black matte parkerized finish and a black-webbed hardwood stock, the Marlin Model 336 Dark Series has a tricked-out tactical look and feel. Other cool features include a paracord-wrapped lever, paracord sling, threaded barrel, and an XS LeverRail to accommodate a modern optic. The 336 Dark Series is definitely not your granddaddy’s hunting rifle.

One could argue that this is nice home defense rifle as well…

Strategy

• Although the Lever Action Rifle is not as powerful as the Bolt-Action Sniper Rifle, its greater magazine capacity of 9 rounds makes it a good weapon to suppress the enemy at medium-long distances and you had a chance to hit them again after missing a shot, but the enemy would have most likely detected you and started defending themselves.
• Headshots provide great damage, but still lacked power against targets with full health and shields.
• When you hip-fire it shoots slightly faster, similiar to the Six Shooter

  This is attributed to its excellent accuracy when not aiming, making it useful as a followup to a shotgun or to take walls (However it deals less damage to structures than other sniper rifles or even shotguns).

  .

• Like with the Crossbow, you can also «Double-Pump», in this case Double-Sniper, with it, so that it bypasses the reload animation between bullets.
• The projectile travels almost equal to that of the Automatic Sniper Rifle, making it more useful for longer distances, due to its lack of the scope.

Marlin 39A

“Hey Dad, what’s the best fishing lure?” Young boys see the world in simple shades of black and white. There is a best of everything and Dads are supposed to know what they are, because that’s what dads do, they know things.

“A #2 silver Mepps Spinner.”

“Who is the most beautiful woman in the world?”

“Your mother.”

“Nah, I mean a famous person.”

“Marilyn Monroe.”

“What’s the best car?”

“One that starts in the winter.”

“What’s the best .22?”

That one should have thrown my dad because he was not really a gun guy, but he answered without hesitation, “the Marlin Model 39A lever action,” because that’s what his father, who was a gun guy, had always told him.

I had this conversation with my father in the early sixties. I believed it was the best .22 then and have had little reason to change my mind.

Introduced in 1922, the Marlin 39 and its various descendants set the standard for quality in a lever action rimfire rifle. This gun was still in production when the disastrous decision to move Marlin from its long-time North Haven, Conn., factory and relocate to New York pretty much killed the 39A.

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Картриджи

Патроны для рычажных винтовок имеют широкий спектр калибров, форм пуль и пороховых зарядов, но они делятся на две основные категории: патроны низкого давления с закругленными пулями и патроны высокого давления с аэродинамическими заостренными пулями («спитцер»). .

Некоторые рычажные действия не так сильны, как затвор или полуавтоматическая винтовка. Более слабые боеприпасы используют патроны низкого и среднего давления, чем-то похожие на боеприпасы для пистолетов большой мощности. Чтобы увеличить энергию пули при относительно низких скоростях, они часто имеют более крупные и тяжелые пули, чем другие типы винтовок. Самый распространенный патрон — это .30-30 , представленный Winchester с моделью 1894. Среди других распространенных патронов: .38 Special / .357 Magnum , .44 Special / .44 Magnum , .41 Magnum , .444 Marlin , .45 -70 , +0,45 Colt , .32-20 Винчестер , +0,35 Remington , .308 Marlin Экспресс , +0,22 калибр кольцевого воспламенения , и 0,300 Savage . Споры ведутся по поводу того, какой из этих патронов можно смело использовать для охоты на крупную дичь или на крупных хищников. Даже в самых больших калибрах низкие скорости дают этим патронам гораздо меньшую энергию, чем патроны для ружей Elephant с сопоставимыми калибрами . Однако даже самые маленькие патроны подходят для легких и удобных винтовок, которые отлично подходят для охоты на мелких травоядных, борьбы с вредителями и личной защиты.

Некоторые более сильные и большие пистолеты (обычно револьверы ) также допускают использование некоторых из этих патронов, что позволяет использовать одни и те же боеприпасы как в пистолете, так и в винтовке. Более длинный ствол и лучшая точность винтовки позволяют увеличить скорость стрельбы, увеличить дальность стрельбы и расширить выбор дичи. Пистолет обеспечивает дополнительную безопасность.

Некоторые из этих патронов (например, .45-70) являются потомками очень ранних металлических патронов с черным порохом. Когда были впервые изобретены металлические патроны и рычажные механизмы, были разработаны очень маленькие портативные комплекты для ручной перезарядки и формовки пуль (так называемые «ковбойские комплекты для перезарядки»). Эти комплекты по-прежнему доступны для большинства картриджей с рычажным механизмом низкого давления.

Для более сильных рычагов, таких как Marlin Model 1894, можно использовать картриджи высокого давления. В конструкции рычажного действия с прочными поворотными стопорными болтами (например, Browning BLR с семью фиксирующими выступами) безопасно используются очень мощные патроны, такие как .300 Winchester Magnum, .300 WSM и 7 мм Remington Magnum. Конструкции поворотных блоков, такие как Savage Model 99 , также достаточно прочны, чтобы выдерживать высокое давление.

Многие рычажные механизмы имеют под стволом трубчатый магазин. В целях безопасности патроны для них имеют пули с закругленными наконечниками, а в некоторых используются капсюли кольцевого воспламенения, а не капсюли центрального воспламенения. Проблема безопасности в том, что аэродинамические сверхзвуковые пули большой дальности являются остроконечными. В трубчатом магазине точки могут случайно выстрелить патронами центрального огня. Связанная с этим проблема заключается в том, что некоторые заостренные пули имеют хрупкие наконечники и могут быть повреждены в трубчатом магазине. Некоторые рычажные механизмы, такие как Savage Model 99, могут работать как из коробчатых, так и из поворотных магазинов. Winchester Model 1895 также использует журнал коробки, и камерный для 30-06 и других мощных военных патронов. Совсем недавно были разработаны пули для спитцера с эластомерными наконечниками.

Ружья с рычажным механизмом, такие как Winchester Model 1887, были рассчитаны на патроны для дробовика с черным порохом 10 или 12 калибра , тогда как Model 1901 был приспособлен для бездымных патронов 10 калибра. Современные репродукции предназначены для бездымных гильз 12-го калибра, в то время как ружье Winchester Model 9410 доступно с калибром .410 .

Advantages & Disadvantages[edit]

Advantagesedit

• Very cheap, can be bought with starting money;
• Can often be found lying around the map;
• Very accurate;
• Interruptible reload, easy to sustain fire;
• Very high single target damage per shot;
• When wielded, quick taps to grenade button allow you to stack blasts;
• Reliably decapitates specimens with headshots;
• Can lock a Scrake in a state even off-perked without penalties if accurate on headshots;
• Onperk headshots can a Scrake at level 4;
• Onperk headshots a Scrake at by level 6;
• Fleshpounds have only 25% resistance to its bullets on headshot;
• Stuns a Husk with a headshot even from off perk;
• Can stun a Stalker or Clot with a bodyshot;
• One-shots a Crawler at any given difficulty.

Disadvantagesedit

• Limited fire rate off-perk;
• Slow reload off-perk;
• Contant need of reload in dense chokeholds;
• Require assist fire or bridging weapon switches to maintain damage output against large crowds;
• High recoil and high deviation;
• When emptied, forces two bullets to be reloaded to shoot from hipfire;
• Rather heavy compared to a pistol;
• Missing will get brutally punished by big specimen;
• Stunned specimen will still clog teammates’ or behind specimen path;
• Other onperk weapons are rather more suitable when dealing with big targets;
• Shots do not pierce, ineffective against Patriarch’s minigun stance;
• Unsuitable for dealing with close up swarms.

…And Limitations

Of course, the lever rifle had its drawbacks. It wasn’t as strong as single-shots and bolts. In the era of blackpowder cartridges, for which levers were originally chambered, this didn’t matter so much, but when smokeless powder became the standard, and higher pressures along with it, the lever action lost ground to the bolt gun. The old levers could not tolerate the pressures generated by modern cartridges.

Their tubular magazines complicated matters. To shoot at long range, you must use pointed bullets, but if you load a tubular magazine with spitzers, the point of each slug rests on the primer of the round ahead of it. When you pull the trigger, the round in the chamber may not be the only one that goes off.

Nor was the lever action designed for precision shooting. The trigger pulls were nowhere near as good as those of bolt rifles, and the way the guns were constructed meant they would never be as accurate. When you attach a magazine tube to a barrel, or attach a fore-end with a barrel band, you doom the gun right there.

Over the years, several manufacturers have attempted to produce lever actions without the lever’s limitations. Probably the most conspicuous failure was the Model 88 Winchester. Arguably the best-looking lever gun ever made, it fed from a box magazine, so you could use pointed bullets, and had the same type of bolt lockup as a bolt action, so you could use modern, high-intensity cartridges. It had a truly dreadful trigger, however, and was capable of only mediocre (by bolt-action standards) accuracy.

Still, this rifle action should be appreciated for what it is. Here’s a short review of the state of the lever:

The Marlin Model 1895

A made-to-order Turnbull Finished Marlin 1895 in .45/70. Turnbull Restoration

Is there a stranger story than that of the Model 1895, the Rifle that Will Not Die? I doubt it. This lever gun has had three incarnations: The first, which appeared three years before the turn of the 19th century, was a good, solid lever action rifle that never really caught on. It ran for only 22 years and only 18,000 were made. Incarnation Number Two came in 1972, when Marlin reintroduced a version based on the Model 336 frame, and chambered it in .45/70. This coincided with a resurgence of interest in the ancient cartridge. People were discovering that it could drop deer with dispatch and very little recoil, or you could load it up to near-.458 levels. In 2006, Hornady came out with its plastic-tipped LEVERevolution ammo that enabled you to use spitzer bullets in a tubular magazine, and turned a 150-yard lever gun into a 300-yarder.

Then came the customized 1895s, of which there are currently 10 in the Marlin line. Marlin has its own custom shop which will turn out something really fancy for you, and there are a number of independent custom gunsmiths who specialize in turning Model 1895 lever guns into objects of wonder.

Winchester 1894

This rifle introduced America to the smokeless powder era as well as jacketed bullets and high velocity rifle cartridges. The Winchester 1894 was introduced along with two new cartridges, the .25-35 Winchester and the .30 WCF, later called the .30-30 Winchester. Perhaps you have heard of it?

The 1894 was also offered in some carry-over black powder era cartridges like the .38-55, .32-40 and a “crossover” cartridge, the .32 Special. Over the years there were have been a huge number of cartridges offered in the 94 from .38 Special to the .450 Marlin. Only the .30-30 went on to see great success. This rifle and cartridge proved to be the perfect marriage and Winchester 1894 became one of the best-selling rifles of all time.

When the New Haven plant closed in 2006, that was pretty much the end of the Model 94 as America’s lever action. Winchester still has a few made in Japan, which seems a bit sinful. It is interesting to note that they still offer the .450 Marlin, long after Marlin gave up on the cartridge.

Strategy

• This shotgun’s Common and Uncommon variants are able to eliminate a player in three shoots while the Rare to Legendary variants in only two shoots, mixing it with its great fire rate, almost equal to that of the Heavy Shotgun, makes it a really reliable option.
  • However, it has less range and more damage fall off than the Pump Shotgun, a slow reload time and also a slower equip time speed than both Pump Shotgun and Tactical Shotgun.
  • In fact due to this slow equip time, make sure to extract this shotgun before you go to the enemy.
  • Last thing, on headshots it only deals more damage than the Tactical Shotgun (excluding the Double Barrel Shotgun & Drum Shotgun), even having a lower headshot multiplier. Making it not entirely useless but surely more balanced than the Pump Shotgun.
• Try to use this shotgun at close range like a Pump Shotgun, but slightly closer, to maximize your damage input. Of course not at the point where you can’t stay away from the enemy more of 0.5 tiles, like with the Double Barrel Shotgun.

Henry Lever Action .45-70

Mr. Henry designed the very first lever action rifle and patented the design in 1820. Although less popular than the iconic Winchester and Marlin models, Mr. Henry’s design paved the way in lever action technology. Since that first model, Henry has been at the forefront of lever action advancement.

This version of the Henry Repeating Rifle is chambered for .45 Government, making it powerful enough for Alaskan bear country. However, if the hunting season keeps you east of the Rockies, this short, lightweight, easy-to-maneuver carbine also makes a great deer rifle.

Check the latest price of the Henry Lever Action .45-70.

Related: Best Long Range Rifles For The Money

Calibers[]

Most lever-action designs are not as strong as bolt-action or semi-automatic designs, and as a result lever-action rifles tend to be generally found in low- and medium-pressure cartridges such as .30-30 Winchester or .44 Magnum, although the Marlin Model 1894 is available in three high-pressure magnum calibers; and the Winchester Model 1895, which used a box magazine, was chambered for .30-06 and other powerful military cartridges. The most common caliber is by far the .30-30, which was introduced by Winchester with the Model 1894. Other common calibers for lever-action firearms include: .38 Special/.357 Magnum, .44 Special/.44 Magnum, .41 Magnum, .444 Marlin, .45-70, .45 Colt, .32-20 Winchester, .35 Remington, 308 Marlin Express, .22 caliber rimfire and .300 Savage. Lever-action designs using stronger, rotary locking bolts (such as the Browning BLR) or tilting block designs such as the Savage Model 99 are usually fed from either box or rotary magazines and are not limited to round nose bullet designs, as well as being able to handle a greater range of calibers than a traditional lever-action design.

Lever-action shotguns such as the Winchester Model 1887 were chambered in 10 or 12-gauge black powder shotgun shells, whereas the Model 1901 was chambered for 10 gauge smokeless shotshells. Modern reproductions are chambered for 12 gauge smokeless shells, while the Winchester Model 9410 shotgun is available in .410 bore.